Routine Laboratory Testing Every 4 Versus Every 6 Weeks for Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis: A Quality Improvement Project

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PICC延续性照护服务现状及制约因素分析

目的从患者和社区医疗机构层面了解PICC延续性照护服务现状并分析制约因素,为PICC维护技术在社区医疗机构的推广提供参考。方法对在株洲市3所三级医院进行PICC置管维护的196例患者采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,对10家社区医疗机构负责人进行半结构式深入访谈。结果 88.8%的PICC带管者平时的维护地点为三级医院,31.1%的患者愿意到社区医院进行导管维护,61.2%的患者因社区诊疗技术不足而不到社区医疗机构进行导管维护。访谈共提取6个主题:人力资源不足,相关知识及技术缺乏,担心风险,收费标准缺乏文件依据,缺乏国家政策支持,建议提高医疗风险的保额。结论社区医院PICC维护情况不容乐观,推进PICC维护进社区存在较多的制约因素,政府、三级医院及社区医疗机构应积极采取对策加以改进,以发挥社区医疗机构初级医疗保健作用。     

An Introduction to the Residency Application Process

Emergency medicine (EM) is a swiftly developing yet still relatively young discipline. We are going to present in the Medical Student Forum section of the Journal of Emergency Medicine several article series covering the key topics that medical students interested in emergency medicine will find helpful. This article introduces the topics that will be tackled in the first compilation of articles dealing with the residency application process.     

Safety profile of the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine: Pooled analysis of two large randomised phase 3 trials

Background

The ZOE-50 (NCT01165177) and ZOE-70 (NCT01165229) phase 3 clinical trials showed that the adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine (RZV) was ≥90% efficacious in preventing herpes zoster in adults. Here we present a comprehensive overview of the safety data from these studies.

Measuring catastrophic medical expenditures: Reflections on three issues

In the “basic” approach, medical expenses are catastrophic if they exceed a prespecified percentage of consumption or income; the approach tells us if expenses cause a large percentage reduction in living standards. The ability‐to‐pay (ATP) approach defines expenses as catastrophic if they exceed a prespecified percentage of consumption less expenses on nonmedical necessities or an allowance for them. The paper argues that the ATP approach does not tell us whether expenses are large enough to undermine a household's ability to purchase nonmedical necessities. The paper compares the income‐based and consumption‐based variants of the basic approach, and shows that if the individual is a borrower after a health shock, the income‐based ratio will exceed the consumption‐based ratio, and both will exceed the more theoretically correct Flores et al. ratio; whereas if the individual continues to be a saver after a health shock, the ordering is reversed and the income‐based ratio may not overestimate Flores et al.'s ratio. Last, the paper proposes a lifetime money metric utility (LMMU) approach defining medical expenses as catastrophic in terms of their lifetime consequences. Under certain assumptions, the LMMU and Flores et al. approaches are identical, and neither requires data on how households finance their medical expenses.     

分级诊疗制度下公立医院的实践方式思考*

推行分级诊疗是深化医药卫生体制改革的核心战略,公立医院为了适应分级诊疗的推行必须在实践过程中对相关的措施进行调整。通过分析部分省份在分级诊疗推行过程中公立医院进行的相关改革情况,针对公立医院在分级诊疗推行过程中存在的难以有效下沉医疗资源、信息化建设不到位和分级诊疗推行缺乏持久动力等问题,提出了加强医院内部管理、加强信息化建设并发展高新技术以及完善激励机制等措施,使公立医院在分级诊疗过程中发挥更重要的作用。     

Extending multilevel spatial models to include spatially varying coefficients

Multilevel models have long been used by health geographers working on questions of space, place, and health. Similarly, health geographers have pursued interests in determining whether or not the effect of an exposure on a health outcome varies spatially. However, relatively little work has sought to use multilevel models to explore spatial variability in the effects of a contextual exposure on a health outcome. Methodologically, extending multilevel models to allow intercepts and slopes to vary spatially is straightforward. The purpose of this paper, therefore, is to show how multilevel spatial models can be extended to include spatially varying covariate effects. We provide an empirical example on the effect of agriculture on malaria risk in children under 5 years of age in the Democratic Republic of Congo.     

温病学教学中的“三全育人”战略

温病学是中医学四大经典课程之一,是基础理论向临床实践过渡的桥梁课程,对于中医药高校学生具有重要意义。“三全育人”战略是高校思想政治工作的重点,新时期,我们应把“三全育人”战略贯穿温病学教育教学全过程和各环节,全员全过程全方位为培养具有坚实的温病理论知识和技能、医德高尚的现代化应用型中医药人才服务。